Medical conditions

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a fibrous tissue (similar to a cord) located in the center of the knee that connects the tibia to the femur and whose basic function is to help stabilize this joint. ACL injuries occur most frequently during sports activities but may also happen in various situations such as dancing, tripping, or slipping. The classic injury mechanism is a twisting movement of the knee with the foot fixed on the ground, causing stretching, partial rupture, or complete rupture of the ligament. Symptoms depend on the severity of the injury and range from pain, edema, bruising, difficulty bending/extending the knee, sensations of instability, and functional impairment. Many cases require surgery for ligament reconstruction and rehabilitation afterwards following a specific protocol. In less severe injuries, conservative treatment may be performed in order to facilitate ligament regeneration and allow adequate muscular stabilization.