In Portugal, it is estimated that 7,529 new cases of prostate cancer were diagnosed in 2022, making it the most common cancer in men in Portugal.
Although advances in treatment have significantly improved the prognosis for prostate cancer, cancer therapies cause significant side effects, both in the short and long term.
Regular physical exercise, particularly muscle-strengthening exercise, is a safe and effective approach to preventing and mitigating the side effects of cancer therapies in men with prostate cancer. Several scientific studies demonstrate the benefits of this type of exercise, both in the postoperative period and during hormone treatment, and even in the presence of bone metastases.
After surgical treatment
After a radical prostatectomy, many men experience adverse effects such as loss of muscle mass, reduced strength, urinary incontinence and fatigue. Studies show that training the pelvic floor muscles in combination with overall muscle strengthening can help minimise these effects. This type of exercise increases muscle strength and exercise tolerance after surgery, as well as improving urinary continence and quality of life.
During androgen deprivation therapy
Patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), a common approach in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer, often suffer from muscle loss, fatigue, increased body fat, reduced bone mineral density and have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Strength training has been shown to be effective in reducing the side effects of androgen deprivation therapy by increasing muscle mass and strength, combating symptoms of fatigue, and helping to control risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
In patients with metastatic disease
Even in cases of metastatic disease, such as the presence of bone metastases, strength training can be performed safely when adapted by qualified professionals, such as physiotherapists with oncology training. Studies indicate that this type of exercise can help maintain muscle strength and mobility, as well as improve quality of life. Safety is a priority, and it is necessary to adjust the types of exercise according to individual limitations.
In the post-treatment phase
For patients who have completed treatment, strength training can play an important role in long-term recovery. It helps prevent muscle loss associated with ageing and cancer treatment, improves bone mineral density, promotes cardiovascular health, and reduces fatigue levels. In addition, it encourages a return to an active and healthy routine, contributing to an overall better quality of life.
Conclusion
Strength training is a powerful tool to support men with prostate cancer at all stages of the disease. However, it is essential that programmes are supervised by specialised health professionals, such as physiotherapists, to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the training.
With the aim of providing these patients with the physical and psychological benefits of exercise, Physioclem develops personalised exercise programmes for men with prostate cancer, adapted to the stage of the disease and their individual condition.
Pedro Machado
physiotherapist and researcher
